Chi Mak (traditional Chinese: 麥大志; simplified Chinese: 麦大志; Jyutping: mak6 daai6 zi3; pinyin: Mài Dàzhì; born 28 September 1940) is a Chinese-born^[1]naturalized American citizen who worked as an engineer for California-based defense contractor Power Paragon, a part of L-3 Communications.^[2] In 2007, Mak was found guilty of conspiring to export sensitive defense technology to China.^[3]He was not formally charged with espionage as the information was not officially classified.^[4]

Mak's legal defense was that he thought there was nothing improper about leaving the U.S. with a CD carrying his own published work^[5][6][7] on U.S. defense technology,^[3] despite his training from his employer indicating quite the opposite.^{[3][failed verification]} He had intentionally released it without his employer's permission at a 2004 international engineering conference.^{[3][failed verification]} He had been briefed every year on regulations regarding documents designated 'For Official Use Only' (FOUO)^[8] and items restricted by export controls. His defense argued that making the data accessible to scrutiny by the general public negated its military value and made it acceptable to transport outside the United States, despite the fact that Chi Mak was the one who released the information, without authorization^{[citation needed]}. The defense also argued that the data was in the public domain.^[5][9][10]

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The prosecution indicated that the data was nevertheless export-controlled and that it should not have been shared with foreign nationals without authorization.^[3] The IEEE presentations cited by prosecution in the trial^[11] are currently available on a worldwide basis, due to Chi Mak's unauthorized releases.^[12][13]

Mak's brother and sister-in-law were apprehended by the FBI after boarding a flight to Hong Kong carrying one encrypted CD which contained defense-related documents.^[4] They, along with their son as well as Mak's wife, all pleaded guilty to related charges. They served out their sentence and were deported to China.

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On March 24, 2008, Chi Mak was sentenced to 24 years and 4 months in federal prison.^[1]

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Early life[edit]

Mak lived in Hong Kong before, in the late 1970s, moving to the U.S. as an immigrant.^[14]

See also[edit]

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References[edit]

1. ^ ^abJoby Warrick and Carrie Johnson (April 3, 2008). 'Chinese Spy Slept in U.S. for 2 Decades'. Washington Post. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
2. ^'L-3 Power Paragon Division Overview Page'. Archived from the original on 2007-09-17. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
3. ^ ^abcde'Engineer Guilty in Military Secrets Case'. CBS News. Associated Press. 2007-05-10. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
4. ^ ^ab'US court jails 'agent of China''. BBC News. 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
5. ^ ^ab'Warning to Chinese Americans: FBI Still Obsessed With Chinese-American Spies'. Archived from the original on 2007-05-20.
6. ^'Reference of 5 MW High Efficiency Quiet Electric Drive Demonstrator'. Archived from the original on 2019-08-02.
7. ^'Man convicted of passing U.S. secrets to China'. NBC News. Associated Press. 2007-05-11. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
8. ^'FOUO designation'. Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
9. ^Chi Mak, Tai Wang Mak Espionage/Spy CaseArchived 2007-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
10. ^ExportLawBlog » Chi Mak Export Trial Begins
11. ^'Amended indictment'(PDF).
12. ^Khersonsky, Y.; Chi Mak; Robinson, G. (2005). 'Power Density Optimization in High Fidelity Power Drive'. IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives, 2005. pp. 527–534. doi:10.1109/IEMDC.2005.195774. ISBN0-7803-8987-5.
13. ^Commerton, J.; Zahzah, M.; Khersonsky, Y. (2005). 'Solid state transfer switches and current interruptors for mission-critical shipboard power systems'. IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, 2005. pp. 298–305. doi:10.1109/ESTS.2005.1524692. ISBN0-7803-9259-0.
14. ^Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit (2014-05-12). 'How the F.B.I. Cracked a Chinese Spy Ring'. The New Yorker. Retrieved 2017-08-11.

Further reading[edit]

• Roche, Edward Mozley; Carnes, Calland Frederick (2008). Snake Fish: The Chi Mak Spy Ring. New York: Barraclough. ISBN978-0-615-25819-5.

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